'In Deep Sea, Waves With a Familiar Curl'. Article describing discovery of K-H waves in deep ocean: Broad, William J.Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. 'Über discontinuierliche Flüssigkeits-Bewegungen '. 'Hydrokinetic solutions and observations'. 'Cloud Atlas leaps into 21st century with 12 new cloud types'. NASA-The Sun-Earth Connection: Heliophysics. 'NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory Catches 'Surfer' Waves on the Sun'.

In the spatial approach, simulations mimic a lab experiment with natural inlet and outlet conditions (convective instability). A KH instability rendered visible by clouds, known as fluctus, over Mount. In the temporal approach, the flow is considered in a periodic (cyclic) box 'moving' at mean speed (absolute instability). The KelvinHelmholtz instability is a fluid instability that occurs when there is velocity. Numerically, the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability is simulated in a temporal or a spatial approach. In situations where there is a state of static stability, evident by heavier fluids found below than the lower fluid, the Rayleigh-Taylor instability can be ignored as the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability is sufficient given the conditions. The study of this instability is applicable in plasma physics, for example in inertial confinement fusion and the plasma– beryllium interface. These effects are common in cloud layers.

If the density and velocity vary continuously in space (with the lighter layers uppermost, so that the fluid is RT-stable), the dynamics of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability is described by the Taylor–Goldstein equation: However, surface tension is able to stabilize the short wavelength instability up to a threshold velocity. If surface tension is ignored, two fluids in parallel motion with different velocities and densities yield an interface that is unstable to short-wavelength perturbations for all speeds. Animation of the KH instability, using a second order 2D finite volume schemeįluid dynamics predicts the onset of instability and transition to turbulent flow within fluids of different densities moving at different speeds.

Fluctus definition